The new C++

Phew, I finished getting a Win Form App, included with a user-built class, running. It was quite a pain, especially if you have already got used to the comfort of Command Line Interface (CLI) used for studying C++ or GUI development with C#. C++ is somewhere in between, and well, a  bit hard to catch up

After spending around 5 hours on this, I found some of the following interesting features:

• In C++, whenever you create a Win Form project (all I know beside Win32 Console right now), you will automatically have a stdafx.h & stdafx.cpp to do the standard #include operation for all the code file. Any special #include can be implemented in stdafx.h
  Sample:
  
  
  

  // stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
  // or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
  // are changed infrequently
  
  #pragma once
  
  // TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here
  //#include <string>
  #include "SimpleException.h"

• Class ends with ";" (semi-colon). I forgot about that and wasted a few hours.
• C++ can also have garbage collection like C#. Fot that, you must follow a special syntax called "managed C++":
  
  
  

  ref class SimpleException
      {
      public:
      //constructor
          //default
          SimpleException(String^);
      //accessor
          //get error message
          String ^GetError();
      private:
          String ^_errMsg;
      }

• In managed C++, instead of using value typed variables, the code uses handler (which is still different from unmanaged C++), something like pointer. However, instead of using the asterisk character (*), we use  the caret character '^' to denote these managed objects. Plus when declaring structures & classes, we also use the "ref" keyword (since all the structure / classes are "handler" by definition)

Okay, this is the code for referencing:
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